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You can only see the messages you send and receive, and you don’t care about how they are processed layer by layer, nor do you need to care because you are the most advanced user and only need to care about the application, which is the application layer.
How does the OSI model work hierarchically?
Give an example of a visual point.
Li Yunlong had something to ask Chu Yunfei, so he asked Political Commissar Zhao to help write a letter. Li Yunlong called the monk, who put the letter into a briefcase and rode on his horse to the defense zone of the Chu commander of the National Army. Captain Chu opened the letter and immediately replied after reading its contents, handing it over to the monk. The monk mounted his horse and returned to the camp, handing the reply over to Li Yunlong. After reading the letter, Brother Yunlong was overjoyed.

In the above example, we can sort out this relationship and you will know whether this model comes from human conventional cognition.

So the process of Chu Yunfei’s reply is the same as the above process, but there is a small difference. Captain Chu is a cultural person, and he should be the only one responsible for the application and presentation layers.
So in network communication, these seven layers must also be clearly defined, slightly more complex than sending a message from Li Yunlong, but not much more complex, as shown in the table below:

You see, as long as you understand Li Yunlong’s process of sending and receiving messages, you can basically understand the seven layers of the network above.
What are the practical applications of OSI model in network communication?
In network communication, the OSI model plays a crucial role as it not only provides a standardized and normalized basic framework for network communication, but also ensures interoperability and compatibility between different devices. It also provides guidance for network design, troubleshooting, and optimization.
1. The role of network troubleshooting: Troubleshooting is a crucial task during network operation. The OSI model provides a clear hierarchical structure that helps to quickly locate and resolve network failures. By checking layer by layer, the scope of the fault can be narrowed down and the problem can be quickly located. For example, when there is a problem with network communication, analyzing whether the transport layer protocol is working properly can determine whether it is a connection issue at the physical layer or an error in the application layer protocol, and thus make targeted repairs.
2. Application in Network Design and Optimization: In the network design phase, the OSI model provides engineers with a universal design framework that helps plan network architecture, select appropriate protocols, and optimize network performance. By designing a network according to the seven layer structure of the OSI model, a modular and standardized network architecture can be achieved for easy management and maintenance.
The OSI model, as the fundamental framework for network communication, plays an important role in promoting the development and standardization of network technology. With the continuous development of the Internet, the OSI model is also evolving, such as the emergence of cloud computing, the Internet of Things and other emerging technologies, which pose new challenges and requirements for the OSI model. In the future, the OSI model will continue to play an important role in achieving efficient and reliable data transmission and control between network communications through standardization and normalization of the OSI model, promoting continuous innovation and development of network communication technology.

For decades, rechargeable batteries have been used to store electrical energy. According to Wikipedia, invented by Gaston Plant é in 1859, many applications are equipped with lead-acid batteries. They are heavy, but easy to use. Maintenance free AGM or EFP batteries not only make use easier and safer, but also improve current and storage performance as well as lifespan.

Charging is relatively simple, and modern devices use microprocessors to check the type and status of the battery before starting the charging process. By using a multi-phase temperature controlled charging algorithm, the lifespan of the battery can be maximized (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Multiphase charging algorithm can avoid battery overload or overheating. The charger can be connected to the battery at any time
Dry batteries are used in many mobile and handheld devices, but applications such as tools require more energy and lighter solutions. Nickel cadmium batteries have higher power density and current capacity, and have been provided in the form of existing dry batteries. But the charging current is limited to around C/5 or C/10 (C=nominal capacity, in Ah), which takes 10 hours or more. In theory, they provide more charging cycles, but the memory effect often shortens the lifespan. The self discharge rate is 10-20% per month.

Cadmium is toxic and was banned in many countries many years ago and replaced by nickel hydrogen batteries. They are sturdy and durable, and are more resistant to overcharging or deep discharge. The memory effect and self discharge are significantly lower, but still not ideal for mobile devices. Fast charging within a few hours requires more complex chargers.
Lithium ion batteries provide higher energy density, with a monthly self discharge rate of only 1-2% and no memory effect. They can also withstand a wider range of environmental temperatures, making them an ideal solution for mobile phones and laptops. Nowadays, they have become the preferred choice for many applications.
Fast charging can be performed at a rate of 0.5C to 1C, but with different phases (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Typical charging stages of lithium-ion batteries
Lithium can catch fire and there are issues with mining. Researched battery topology structures based on other less hazardous and easily exploitable materials, and provided different energy densities, faster charging speeds, or lower costs. They all have one thing in common, which is that managing the charging process and monitoring the status of each battery is crucial for safety and longevity.

For decades, measuring the state of charge (SoC) of batteries has been a major challenge. For lead-acid batteries, the voltage and charging curve are somewhat accurate, but for other battery materials, the discharge curve is quite flat (Figure 3). The value also depends on the technology, number of charging cycles, and battery life.

Figure 3: Typical voltage and discharge curves for different battery topologies
It is complex to measure the current during the charging and discharging stages using analog circuits, but it is easy to use microcontrollers and current sensors. Through this process called Coulomb counting, SoC can be calculated, and the equation can include battery loss, aging, self discharge, and temperature.

The Battery Management System (BMS) monitors the battery status and avoids any operations outside the safe operating area. They control the charging process, balance the energy stored in each battery, monitor key data such as charging status and temperature, and report any abnormal situations. Figure 4 shows a simplified block diagram of the BMS system

Figure 5: Large scale energy storage system with battery management system
As shown in Figure 4, each battery must be monitored, and the circuit requires a separate isolated power supply voltage generated by a 12V or 24V bus. It sounds like a simple design challenge that can be solved through low-power, standard converter modules.

But for high-power applications with hundreds of series connected batteries, the voltage of the entire battery pack can reach 600-800 volts, and isolation needs to be strengthened. Most 24Vin DC/DC power converters are designed for typical industrial applications that require 500V or 1600V isolation voltage.

To avoid degradation and failure of isolation materials, it is allowed to continuously apply a working voltage much lower than the isolation voltage, as defined by safety standards (Figure 6). These values also depend on the application type and environmental conditions.

Figure 6: Typical isolation voltage for industrial applications
A battery pack with 600-800Vdc requires an enhanced isolation barrier of 3000Vac (or 4243Vdc) to be installed in the DC/DC power converter, which is too high for many standard converters with only 1600V isolation. But does a converter with 3kVac isolation really meet the requirements?

These large battery systems are connected to the AC power grid, located near wind turbines, solar parks, or substations. They are exposed to high transients and should meet the requirements of OVC III (overvoltage category III), which requires a 400Vac three-phase power supply with 4kV isolation voltage.

Although these OVC categories are designed for AC applications, they help find solutions for DC batteries. Unfortunately, when searching for industrial DC/DC power converters with 4kVac isolation on manufacturer websites, there are usually no matching items

However, in some markets, the highest isolation barrier is crucial. Patients connected to medical devices must be protected from any electric shock, so the market has very strict requirements for isolation and leakage current.

Medical standards define different means of patient protection (MOP) and operator (MOOP). Devices connected to patients and invasive systems must meet 2 MOPPs (two types of patient protection measures) and an isolation voltage of 4kVac. The converter specified for this standard can be used for the above-mentioned BMS system.
P-DUKE has various DC/DC power converters that can meet these 2MOPP requirements and provide a higher 5kVac isolation voltage. The complete product line with power levels ranging from 1W to 60W offers single and dual outputs. With various input voltage ranges from 5V to 75V, they can be deployed in all different applications. It is easy to find suitable solutions using the product search function on the P-DUKE website.

Application requirements
Real time monitoring of motor vibration and temperature status on the automobile assembly conveyor line.
Application Challenge

It is necessary to convert the monitored motor vibration and temperature data into Ethernet protocol and output it to the upper computer system for analysis.
Bonner Solution

Use QM30VT2 series vibration and temperature sensors and DXMR90-X1 controller.
Solution application

The QM30VT2 vibration and temperature sensor is installed on the output shaft or gearbox of the conveyor motor to monitor the motor vibration and temperature rise status. Convert the sensor output data into Ethernet Modbus TCP protocol and output it to the upper computer system through DXMR90-X1.

Why Banner?
Quick response and excellent technical service
Vibration and temperature sensors can simultaneously monitor vibration X-axis, Z-axis vibration, and motor temperature
DXMR90-X1 can quickly deploy and integrate sensor data on-site, and configure output for use
The DXMR90-X1 protocol gateway supports multiple industrial Ethernet communication protocols, etc
The product runs stably and reliably

Customer revenue
Greatly improving production efficiency, thereby avoiding production accidents and downtime, real-time monitoring of key conveyor motors on the production site, and reducing operating costs.
contact us

Figure 2: Typical charging stages of lithium-ion batteries
Lithium can catch fire and there are issues with mining. Researched battery topology structures based on other less hazardous and easily exploitable materials, and provided different energy densities, faster charging speeds, or lower costs. They all have one thing in common, which is that managing the charging process and monitoring the status of each battery is crucial for safety and longevity.
For decades, measuring the state of charge (SoC) of batteries has been a major challenge. For lead-acid batteries, the voltage and charging curve are somewhat accurate, but for other battery materials, the discharge curve is quite flat (Figure 3). The value also depends on the technology, number of charging cycles, and battery life.

Figure 3: Typical voltage and discharge curves for different battery topologies
It is complex to measure the current during the charging and discharging stages using analog circuits, but it is easy to use microcontrollers and current sensors. Through this process called Coulomb counting, SoC can be calculated, and the equation can include battery loss, aging, self discharge, and temperature.
The Battery Management System (BMS) monitors the battery status and avoids any operations outside the safe operating area. They control the charging process, balance the energy stored in each battery, monitor key data such as charging status and temperature, and report any abnormal situations. Figure 4 shows a simplified block diagram of the BMS system

Figure 5: Large scale energy storage system with battery management system
As shown in Figure 4, each battery must be monitored, and the circuit requires a separate isolated power supply voltage generated by a 12V or 24V bus. It sounds like a simple design challenge that can be solved through low-power, standard converter modules.
But for high-power applications with hundreds of series connected batteries, the voltage of the entire battery pack can reach 600-800 volts, and isolation needs to be strengthened. Most 24Vin DC/DC power converters are designed for typical industrial applications that require 500V or 1600V isolation voltage.
To avoid degradation and failure of isolation materials, it is allowed to continuously apply a working voltage much lower than the isolation voltage, as defined by safety standards (Figure 6). These values also depend on the application type and environmental conditions.

Figure 6: Typical isolation voltage for industrial applications
A battery pack with 600-800Vdc requires an enhanced isolation barrier of 3000Vac (or 4243Vdc) to be installed in the DC/DC power converter, which is too high for many standard converters with only 1600V isolation. But does a converter with 3kVac isolation really meet the requirements?
These large battery systems are connected to the AC power grid, located near wind turbines, solar parks, or substations. They are exposed to high transients and should meet the requirements of OVC III (overvoltage category III), which requires a 400Vac three-phase power supply with 4kV isolation voltage.
Although these OVC categories are designed for AC applications, they help find solutions for DC batteries. Unfortunately, when searching for industrial DC/DC power converters with 4kVac isolation on manufacturer websites, there are usually no matching items
However, in some markets, the highest isolation barrier is crucial. Patients connected to medical devices must be protected from any electric shock, so the market has very strict requirements for isolation and leakage current.
Medical standards define different means of patient protection (MOP) and operator (MOOP). Devices connected to patients and invasive systems must meet 2 MOPPs (two types of patient protection measures) and an isolation voltage of 4kVac. The converter specified for this standard can be used for the above-mentioned BMS system.
P-DUKE has various DC/DC power converters that can meet these 2MOPP requirements and provide a higher 5kVac isolation voltage. The complete product line with power levels ranging from 1W to 60W offers single and dual outputs. With various input voltage ranges from 5V to 75V, they can be deployed in all different applications. It is easy to find suitable solutions using the product search function on the P-DUKE website.

Figure 7: P-DUKE has a very comprehensive medical grade DC/DC power converter with single and dual outputs, with power levels ranging from 1W to 60W
For example, MPD30-24S12W is a 30W converter with 9-36 inputs and 12V outputs that can create separate isolated power supply voltages for BMS circuits connected to batteries or battery arrays from a 12V or 24V bus.
Medical standards also require leakage current to be within the microampere range and a creepage distance of 8mm. This is the shortest distance along the isolation material between the input and output inside the converter. Similar to capacitors, the isolation material (ε 0) and thickness (d) inside the converter define the capacitance from input to output:

The thicker the material and the wider the distance, the lower the capacitance between the input and output. Although using one or two converters in the system is not important, it becomes an important factor when combining hundreds of converters of different voltage levels in a large BMS system. AC voltage, transients, and noise can couple across these isolation gates. It not only interferes with highly sensitive measurement or communication equipment, but also causes high and dangerous leakage currents in high-voltage AC power sources.
Let’s compare a practical example. The isolation capacitor of P-DUKE’s medical converter MPD30 is only 20pF. Even for a sensor signal of 1MHz, this means a high impedance of 8k Ω. The isolation capacitor of standard industrial converters can exceed 1500pf. This is 75 times higher, and the impedance of a 1MHz signal drops to only 107 Ω. When many converters are connected in parallel, the total capacitance and impedance can reach the critical value of noise coupling, as well as the critical value of AC leakage current across these gates.
In an application with 100 medical grade converters and a total capacitance of only 2nF, according to the formula I=U * 2 * π * f * C, the leakage current in a 400V/50Hz application is only 0.25 μ A.
When using an industrial grade converter, the total capacitance is 150nF, and the leakage current will increase to around 19mA. Although not yet fatal, it can cause severe electric shock. Along with the leakage current of other devices in the system, a 35mA RCD circuit breaker (residual current circuit breaker) can be tripped.
Like medical applications, reliability is another important factor in battery storage systems. The MPD30 power converter series from P-DUKE is designed for maximum reliability, with an MTBF value greater than 1 million hours (MIL-HDBK-217F at full load). P-DUKE also provides a 5-year product warranty for these medical devices, which is much longer than the 2-year warranty offered by many other converter manufacturers.
Have you ever thought about why we call medical power converters for health batteries? A highly complex BMS system is required to ensure the safe and long-lasting operation of such a large battery pack. These applications are challenging, but with P-DUKE’s medical power converter and powerful technical support, they can be solved to ensure healthy operation and long lifespan.

The global AC power supply voltage range is 85Vac to 264Vac, and many power supplies today can operate within this entire range.
Another challenge in energy applications comes from the fact that devices such as chargers or wall boxes are directly connected to the fuse panel. This means that they are more susceptible to grid transients than devices connected to sockets through cables and plugs, and therefore must comply with overvoltage category III (OCV III) with 4kVac isolation (Figure 2). This also applies to auxiliary power sources used in chargers or wall boxes.

These systems must also be able to tolerate faults in power wiring or neutral lines. Unintended phase connections during installation, or open circuits in the neutral line (even nearby), can cause system imbalance and result in higher voltage. Therefore, the input voltage of the power supply will be monitored in order to disconnect expensive high-power blocks in the event of such faults.
The monitoring circuit must be able to operate in all situations, so P-Duke offers a range of small AC/DC converters that not only comply with OVC III standards, but can also operate within a wide voltage range of 85 to 530Vac. Even if a phase is incorrectly connected to the neutral line, the auxiliary power supply and monitoring circuit will still operate and protect the power level.
Modern systems should be ready for integration into smart grids or smart home environments. This allows the control system to match the actual availability of electricity in the grid. When there is surplus energy, the car battery can be charged and act as an energy buffer to stabilize the power grid. High energy consuming household appliances will only be turned on when there is sufficient energy available.

This means that more phases are needed to communicate with the power grid or smart home controllers. The power supply voltage range for interphase, display, touchpad, or relay is 3.3V to 24V, and can be generated from the auxiliary power supply voltage bus through a small isolated or non isolated converter (Figure 3).

As mentioned at the beginning of the article, due to the non constancy of energy flow, the integration of renewable energy also requires expanding storage options. Nowadays, hydroelectric power plants are used for this purpose, pumping water back into reservoirs when there is excess energy. However, their capacity is limited, and the most obvious way to store energy is through the use of batteries.

Lead acid batteries have been in use for decades, but they are heavy, have relatively low energy density, and have a slow charging process, with only about 300-600 charges.
Compared to lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries have several advantages. For example, they are not only lighter and smaller than lead-acid batteries, but also charge faster, reaching thousands of charging cycles. This makes them very suitable for use in mobile devices and electric vehicles.

But the availability of the materials they need is limited, and some of them were obtained under problematic conditions. A typical electric vehicle battery requires not only 120-180 grams of lithium per kilowatt hour of capacity, but also some other materials with limited availability. According to research by the German automotive club ADAC, a 50kWh battery for a car contains approximately 4 kilograms of lithium, 11 kilograms of manganese, 12 kilograms of cobalt, 12 kilograms of nickel, and 33 kilograms of graphite.

In order to shift mobility from internal combustion engines to electric drive, hundreds of thousands of tons of these materials will be needed in the future. The method of recycling this material is very complex, and according to experts, some methods are still in the development or testing stage. Therefore, people are looking for alternative solutions, not only in battery technology, but also in energy storage methods.

You may have heard of batteries based on aluminum sulfur, sodium ions, carbon copper, or iron oxygen. At present, it has not been launched for the mass market, as these are options that use a large amount of available materials and have fewer mining issues.

For non mobile applications, the size and weight of the battery are not as important. At the bottom of the wind turbine tower, even larger batteries have enough space. When there is excess energy in the power grid, the energy generated by turbines can be stored there and fed into the grid in case of energy shortage. Usually, energy only needs to be temporarily stored in the grid for 12 to 24 hours.

But each battery technology has different voltages, and if someone wants to design a future oriented system that is compatible with the different battery technologies and battery quantities used in applications, this is a real challenge. Therefore, power supply manufacturers such as P-Duke offer converters with an input voltage range of 2:1 to 12:1. Through these converters, many different battery technologies can be covered.

Supercapacitors are an interesting alternative to batteries because they have a longer lifespan, up to one million charging cycles, and very high charging currents. Unlike batteries, supercapacitors are not damaged by deep discharge. They are very suitable for applications that require less than 1-2 minutes of electricity but have a large number of charging cycles. Why not use supercapacitors on the transportation robots in the warehouse, as they can only travel short distances and can be charged in a few seconds. Unlike batteries, the output voltage of supercapacitors largely depends on their charging status. Due to the need for stable voltage in most electronic loads, a DC/DC converter with a very wide input range is required.

There are many other ways to store energy. Hydrogen can be obtained from the air through electrolysis. In further process steps, methane, the main component of natural gas, can be produced. Both gases can be stored, transported, and used as fuel, such as in fuel cells, which is another emerging technology. Nowadays, even drones are using fuel cells.
Other methods of storing mechanical energy for future use are pneumatic and flywheel storage devices. More than 15 years ago, a startup company in the United States hoped to use compressed air for wind turbines, but it was never realized due to the solution being too complex and inefficient. But there are still some projects dedicated to storing excess energy generated by wind turbines

in compressed air.
In 1950, the first batch of gyro buses were launched, which could recover braking energy, but required a charging station every 4-6 kilometers, which was not suitable for modern public transportation. Nowadays, flywheel storage devices are mainly used to provide high power for a short period of time, such as stabilizing the power grid.
These are just a few examples; The energy market is complex with thousands of options, and new ideas and technologies emerge almost every day, each with different requirements for the required power sources. In addition, in order to achieve energy conservation and widespread use, modern systems must communicate with each other. All of these systems require a regulated power supply voltage to be generated from various sources.

The voltage level and transient specifications of the AC power grid have been established for many years, and companies such as P-DUKE provide various AC/DC power solutions that meet various requirements (Figure 4, P-DUKE’s AC/DC solutions)

For DC power supplies, the situation is even more complex as the new system is expected to enter the market. But there is already a solution today. Different battery voltages have been used for decades in the telecommunications and railway markets. System manufacturers in these markets hope to provide a solution, so the converter series designed by power manufacturers such as P-DUKE even covers an extremely wide input range of 16V to 160V in railway applications, and achieves power levels of up to 200W. The standard output voltage range of these converters is 5V to 53V, which can be used for various battery voltages in all types of energy market applications.

LAN, WLAN, GSM, and other communication modules, security and monitoring devices, displays, touch panels, or relays all require a regulated power supply voltage, whether or not isolated from internal control circuits. With a wide range of converters, designers should be able to easily find ready to use solutions. (Figure 6)

A stamping production line generally consists of 5 to 6 press machines in sequence. The presses are connected by mechanical automation devices to transfer the processed parts. These mechanical automation devices are typically composed of robotic arms. After the processed parts are stamped and formed in the first press, they are transferred by the robotic arm to the next press to complete the second stamping process. Similarly, the workpiece transported from the last press is the target formed product.

Application of Schmeisser safety products in automotive manufacturing robot assembly lines
This high-speed stamping production line has very high requirements for automation. Due to its high complexity, while ensuring the functionality of the process, it is also necessary to ensure the safety of the production line. Its safety is to ensure that the production line will not cause any harm to the workers during the production operation, debugging, cleaning, and maintenance process. Usually, machine manufacturers or system integrators adopt various safety protection functions to improve the safety of stamping production lines.

Emergency stop device
In order to eliminate direct or imminent danger, every workstation and on-site electrical box in the press production line must be equipped with an emergency stop function. The emergency stop function can be achieved through one or more emergency stop devices. In practical use, emergency stop devices can only be used as additional preventive measures for machinery and equipment, and cannot replace necessary safety protection devices, nor can they be used as automatic safety devices.

It should be noted that there is a special requirement for the emergency stop device, that is, after giving the command signal for emergency stop, the operating head of the control device must be able to automatically move to the cutting position through a pre-set internal mechanical structure. This means that only devices with internal spring structures that can automatically lock after the operating force reaches the pressure point can meet this requirement. However, devices that achieve locking function through internal lifting actions cannot meet this requirement.
The Schmeisser EDRRZ series emergency stop device adopts pure metal operating components, and the electrical contacts have a direct disconnection action structure, which complies with IEC 60947-5-1.

Electromagnetic safety lock
To prevent personnel from encountering danger inside the press, various methods can be used, and installing movable protective doors is a very common one. When designing the protective door for the press production line, it should be able to prevent workers from entering the hazardous area until the dangerous movement of the machine stops or other hazardous factors are eliminated.
Electromagnetic safety locks can be used to monitor and lock the position of movable protective doors. The biggest feature of an electromagnetic safety lock is that it has a separate and detachable actuator.

Schmeisser has a full range of safety door lock devices that can be used in various complex industrial environments.

Advantages of AZM300:
Adopting innovative star shaped ratchet and rotating shaft operation method, the advantage of this operation method is that when the safety door is closed, it is pulled to the bottom while maintaining a locked state.

Using RFID technology for secure identification of operating components, there are three different security codes that not only provide security protection but also prevent human tampering.
● It has serial diagnostic function, allowing up to 31 devices to be connected in series at the same time, with a performance level of PLe/SIL3.
Advantages of AZM400:

● Adopting a bistable system, consisting of sensor technology, motor drive system, and RFID identification technology to form one set of system. Ensure the safety of the device under any operating conditions.
The locking force can reach 10000 N, and the lateral force resistance after unlocking can also be as high as 300 N.

● Independent coding, compliant with ISO14119, suitable for Cat 4/PLe/SIL3.
Two handed control device

Each press must use at least one set of dual hand control devices for manual stamping operations. The dual hand control device belongs to the electrically sensitive safety protection device. Its function is to force someone to use both hands at the same time when operating machinery and equipment, giving a signal of dangerous action, so that they must stay in one place to ensure safety.
The dual hand control device is a safety protection device that requires simultaneous movements of both hands. This means that when starting or maintaining the operation of the machine equipment, as long as the dangerous movements of the machine equipment do not stop, the operator’s hands will be constantly restricted within a range far away from the dangerous area.
Schmeisser offers two types of dual hand button control devices made of SEPK and SEPG materials. Not only does it follow ergonomic principles, but it also complies with ISO13851.

SEPG
Safety light curtain/grating
In the stamping production line, safety light curtains/gratings must be used for safety protection in the mold changing area and press area. When changing molds automatically, it is necessary to ensure that personnel do not enter the hazardous area. Due to the mold being placed in an open area outside the press line, a safety grating can be used for safety protection. Safety light curtains must also be installed in the interface area between the press and the robotic arm. To ensure that the press cannot perform stamping operations while the robotic arm or personnel are inside the press.

Safety light curtain/grating is an advanced technology for protecting workers around various hazardous mechanical equipment. Compared with traditional safety measures, such as mechanical fences, sliding doors, pull back restrictions, etc., safety light curtains/gratings are more free and flexible.
Schmeisser has various types of safety light curtains/gratings to cope with complex and changing industrial environments, such as the currently popular SLC440COM.

SLC440/COM safety light curtain is an optoelectronic protection device (AOPD) with built-in low-energy Bluetooth function. Through the Bluetooth interface, smartphones or tablets can obtain real-time status and diagnostic data of the device during operation.
SLC440/COM safety light curtain with Bluetooth interface
Display status and diagnostic data through applications on smartphones or tablets
● Support predictive maintenance
● Improve machine availability
● Documents available for regular inspection
Security monitoring module
The SRB301MC safety relay, the first pure electronic product to be put into production and use at Schmeisser China factory, has been officially localized and sold globally.

● Suitable for output signal processing of contact sensors
● 3 safety contacts, STOP 0
● 1 Signal output
Suitable for connecting to active signal outputs (AOPDs), such as safety gratings/light curtains
● Suitable for output signal processing of contact sensors
Tec.nicum Security Technology Services
Tec.nicum is an independent department under the German Schmeisser Group that provides mechanical safety and industrial safety technology services. Its service scope covers six modules: college knowledge sharing, consulting services, engineering safety solution design, integration implementation installation, digitalization software solution and new digital technology development, outsourcing complete solution provision.

  With the development of industry and the improvement of residents’ living standards, filling machines have been widely used in many fields. In recent years, due to the decrease in the proportion of labor force and the continuous increase in worker wages, production costs have indirectly increased, which has to some extent affected the economic benefits of enterprises. Therefore, advanced production equipment is needed to improve production efficiency, reduce the number of employees to lower production costs, and better ensure food safety.

In the sterile room, the paper box is disinfected with ultraviolet light and the AU7 877-ECT22 coupler extension 831-7PD22 is used to read the actual temperature inside the filling machine. The temperature inside the filling machine is controlled to be constant through a program, accurately grasping the temperature is the defense line of the sterile room, and achieving the goal of high-temperature sterilization of canned liquids。

A good control system is the guarantee of the production line
During the production process, each control point is a crucial component in ensuring the normal operation of the entire production line. The output module controls the operation of the filling machine and sealing machine, ensuring that the paper box enters the filling machine through the star wheel, and the paper box enters the filling machine through the star wheel. It controls the filling valve, pressure reducing valve, vacuum valve and other execution layers, so that the liquid material passes through the differential pressure vacuum, and the suction creates a certain vacuum in the paper box. The liquid material flows into the container by pressure difference. At the moment of pouring, the centering cover is lifted by the action of the cam, and under the action of the inner and outer protective plates, the paper box leaves the can table and enters the packaging machine’s pouring chain, and is sent to the packaging machine. When the paper box reaches the sealing machine station, the digital output controls the sealing machine to seal the box.

In today’s rapidly developing industrial manufacturing industry, the situation of industrial information security is becoming increasingly severe, and security risks continue to rise. The main problems currently faced by China’s industrial information security include insufficient security awareness, weak technical protection measures, shortage of professional talents, incomplete regulatory standards, inadequate management systems, supply chain security risks, challenges brought by the application of new technologies, incomplete emergency response mechanisms, and insufficient cross industry collaboration. The existence of these problems makes industrial control systems vulnerable to network attacks, threatening production safety and data integrity. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of security protection and management systems, and rapidly improve the ability to ensure industrial information security.

Refined property rights confirmation ensures safety
With the launch of PITreater, users can manage access to factories and machinery, allowing all relevant personnel to only access and operate equipment within their authorized scope, thereby helping users obtain mechanical and information security functions. PITreater can cover a wide range of permissions, from simple activation and user authentication to complex permission matrices and company specific codes. PITreater’s permission management can achieve secure operation mode selection and control access permissions for factories and machines, preventing incorrect operations and illegal manipulation. Both personnel and machines can be protected, and the mechanical and information security of the factory can be effectively strengthened.

With the release of PITreater, Pilz Pilz has simultaneously launched efficient PITreater management software PIT Translator Manager and PIT User Authentication Service. Users can use PIT Translator Manager to configure PITreater and permission keys, assign user information to each key, and store all user data in the database. In this way, users can have a very clear understanding of the information of the permission key owner.

When multiple PITreaters are used simultaneously, users can synchronize the database containing permission information to all PITreaters through PIT User Authentication Service, making configuration more convenient and greatly improving work efficiency.

With the continuous development of intelligent manufacturing and the continuous improvement of industrial ecology, the industrial scale has exceeded one trillion yuan, driving the improvement of social and economic benefits. With the rapid development of industrial Internet, we also need to recognize the importance of industrial Internet security protection, and we need to pay attention to and take corresponding security protection measures in a timely manner.

   SSuniversal2: The Heart of Distributed Networks
PSSuniversal 2 is Pilz’s remote I/O system, which transmits both secure and non secure signals through a distributed network connection. This system is exquisitely designed and can connect up to 64 I/O modules, significantly reducing the workload of service and maintenance. Not only that, very accurate diagnosis can be performed in remote I/O systems, which can quickly locate and correct faults. Users can connect remote I/O modules to higher-level controllers through a universal industrial communication protocol, which means it is very suitable for integration into existing control architectures.n connect remote I/O modules to higher-level controllers through a universal industrial communication protocol, which means it is very suitable for integration into existing control architectures.

    PSSuniversal 2 can handle control signals related to safety and non safety. Safety and non safety signals are not physically distinguished, but logically independent. The integration of automation and safety functions, as well as improvements in technology and machinery, can help users save time and costs from the design and planning stage, resulting in an efficient, open, and flexibly scalable system.
Automated solutions suitable for various environments
Pearson’s remote I/O products have a protection level of IP67 and are suitable for harsh environments containing dust, moisture, and extreme temperatures. Thanks to the fully encapsulated module electronic components, these devices have particularly high mechanical strength: they can resist dust and brief immersion, and are suitable for temperatures ranging from minus 30 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius.

As a safe PLC controller, the PSS67 PLC is suitable for applications with the highest PL e safety level. It is part of the automation system PSS4000 and is fully compatible with other controllers in the system, making it very easy to integrate into existing architectures. The PSS67 PLC has 16 secure digital inputs, which can be directly connected to sensors and can be used in conjunction with Pilz’s compact module PSS67 I/O.
Continuous innovation, promising future

Pearson’s distributed solution brings new vitality to the field of industrial automation with its high efficiency, flexibility, and safety. With the continuous advancement of technology, Pirelli will continue to lead the direction of automation technology, bringing or creating more value for enterprises.